"Conferences "of Micheal Witzel of Harvard University in Chennai 09/07/2009 14:47:19 By Vedaprakash
The First Conference
It has been again Sanskrit College, Chennai. The date is July 6, 2009 on the eve of Gurupurnima There is a meeting arranged by the Sanskrit College inviting the Sanskrit Professor of Harvard University. However, the websites declared it as a "conference"!
Dr N. Mahalingam gave the welcome address introducing the speaker Michael Witzel (hereinader mentioned as MW) as the suitable person to address the gathering at the Sanskrit College. He is 66, born in Germany and got Ph.D at the age of 29 and thus, the Sanskrit College Committee member Mahalingam went on eulogizing the so-called Sanskrit Professor of Harvard University. He says Witzel daily recites Rigveda but we Indians have forgotten Rigveda [3]As he and been expert in different fields as "his knowledge has expanded widely". Rigveda has 4,32,000 sounds……Tilak dated it to 8000 BCE, but its date could even go before it, though the western scholars do not accept. The British declared tat Rama and Krishna were not historical persons. L. D. Swamikkannu Pillai meddled with Indian chronology at the behest of the British, But Prof Srinivasa Raghavan of Vivekananda College with his astronomical methods fixed date of many important historical events. Both Sanskrit and Tamil are the ancient languages and every person, who knew Tamil, knew Sanskrit also some 200 years ago. After the British period only difference had cropped up in the name of Sanskrit and Tamil. Tolkappiyam has been the most ancient extant Tamil work, One American writer – Frank Joseph has written book on Lost Lemuria, who locates in South East Asia region that submerged some 54,000 YBP. Thus, recently, there had been a lot of research that brought out many important facts. He requested Witzel to go into these details in his linguistic study of the ancient languages.
Next Dr Sankaranarayanan introduced the topic of the subject o be dealt with by MW. He was the right person to talk there on two accounts –
He was the Sanskrit professor from the Harvard University and
He had chosen the topic on "Rigveda and its language" (perhaps, culture and civilization also).
After listing out his membership, briefing his academic profile etc., asserted that he was the right person to talk about the topic. He pointed out about MW's work "Kataranyaka", a rare work. Earlier it was part of Indian drama and was there in every village, but now it disappeared. Taittreya Upanishd should be read to understand it. He asked MW to present a copy of the book to the KSRI library. Reciting a sloka on Max Mueller that says that Max Mueller was a Mokshamular, he changed it by inserting MW's name, thus making him another such specie coming from Harvatika! The date of Rigveda cannot be decided as to whether it was 1000 BCE or 1500 BCE etc. It cannot be said definitely as belonging to pre-Harappa, Harappan or proto-Harappan period. Sanskrit was new, though it was old. The word "Sanskrit" was never used to denote a language till 600 CE. It was always used as adjective, till Dandi used it to denote a language. In fact, the language of Indian should be mentioned as "Bharati", as the language of England is English, France French, the language of Bharat should be Bharati! Amarasimha says, "Brahmi Bharati". In a partigular type of yagna, "Bharati" is invoked several times…….. It has to be noted that the Sanskrit inscriptions were found throughout India unlike other Indian languages. MW would then talk about the culture. "Culture" connotes properly cultivated behaviour…... There should be inward perfection for good culture…….., as external perfection may not exhibit true character………. Then, comes "civilization", as it is "civilized status with civilized behaviour……….
The compere intervened to announce as MW was preoccupied and there was shortage of time, there would not be any question answer session. He says that the e-mail of MW would be given and he would answer any question raised by the audience.
Michael Witzel then started his "conference": "I am happy to be here……tomorrow is Gurupurnima…and we have to remember our teachers…I studied in Allahabad during 1945-37 under my teachers…..Now, here, I will not talk politics and whatever I say, you may not agree with me, but still you ask questions, I may not answer….You may have other opinion also. As India has many sampradhayas ,you can treat my views as another sampradhaya……….you may not agree with me, but kindly listen to me. If you have anby questions, I shall answer.
"My study is based upon the inter-disciplinary approach…….the so-called Aryan invasion is outdated. It is a political discussion, but I would not talk about it. My discussion is based on the facts from the Rigveda….the scientific data derived from it…I do not think any genetic expert is here, but my study is based on such scientific principles also. There could be scope of misunderstanding about my theory with limitations, but we have to come to consensus……no doubt Rigveda has antiquity, it is an ancient hymn collection of bronze age. It is bronze age text and not of iron age o stone age…….
"Another point may be agreed by you that the Rigveda was composed by the Rishis. It was composed with a particular type of poetics and alankara using specific syntax. The text was composed accordingly. Rigveda has geographic limits (showing a map covering north-east Punjab area and some parts of Haryana)………..In Afghanisthan also there is a Sarayu, but not that of Ayodhya.
"Rigvedic Sanskrit is not Paninian Sanskrit or Kalidasa Sanskrit. And not even Atharvavea Sanskrit. Linguistics has changed several times during the course of times and accordingly the words too connote differently during different times…..(he explained with certain words)….."Gachathi" has different connotations…….(his speech is not clear and he was not keeping the mike properly, though repeatedly he was asked to keep it as the audience was not able to listen to him)
"Different languages were spoken in India….Para-munda in the northern India covering Punjab, Kashmir areas…….Munda in MP….(showing a map). Rigveda has a pluralistic language and it could be understood with certain tricks…..If Sanskrit is read differently, we could understand Avestha also.
"Let us take the expression "Father Heaven"…..it has same pronunciation in different languages. Pitram-pitrem-pitrea-piter and so on. Similarly hasti-haesti-asti-esti-sti-is (he/she/it is) comes like this. So also "They are" can be explained. This pattern is found in he evolution of languages as in IE-EIE-IIr…(showing a PP diagram). Thus, we have two categories of languages……
pre-Vedic – proto-Iranian and
Rigvedic –Avesthan
"Jed-sa-zd-ai etc.
Mazdai-zdai-sede-
This has been the linguistic sampradhaya………(he was obviously skipping the explanation). On the top of the Himalayas, certain words are used and they are not used on the plains. And these words were coming from tropical climatic areas…….The poetic-alankara used has been close to the Greek……..
"Coming to the Soma plant, it is located in Central Asia near Tajikistan and it came to Iran from Central Asia and then to India. In the words,Yama-yam…also such migration could be noted. People were living in more populated and less populated areas / clusters. The higher level of religion was dominated by the Brahmins and Kshatriyas……then comes Daas / Dasyus and they were accommodated accordingly………City formation had been there accordingly…..Recent archaeological evidences of Haryana also show such pattern.
"Different language groups existed thus in different areas (showing a map through PP). Dravidian laguages were spoken in the Souther area (showing the four states – Tamilnadu, AP, Kerala and Karnataka), "Former Dravidian areas" (showing Maharastra), Indus (Sindhu area), Lanuage-X (UP), Khasi (Assam), …….."Former Austro-Asiatic Areas?" (was shown in between the UP and MP from IVC / Rajasthan to Orissa)…..
"The Sanskrit speaking people were moving with cattle having interaction with others……Thus the names of the Kings mentioned have been local names……At the end of Rigveda, it is interesting to note what happened………
"Coming to the so-called Siva or Pasupathi (showing the IVC seal [6] , M-304), actually it is not known what is this deity. How the IVC people called him, we do not know. He – the horned god - is surrounded with four animals and there has been another figure where "a hunter killing a water buffalo in front of a seated horned deity" (Kenoyer [7] There has been another seal where "a man fighting short horned bull" (Kenoyer [8] You can see similar figure from Denmark also (showing the photo of Gundestrup Cauldron [9]<!--[endif]-->, though he did not mention so). Here also he is surrounded with four different animals If you compare both (showing both figures side by side with IVC seal inverted), we can say, he is not Siva, but some other deity….. This is Mahishashuramardhini. It is not known how the Mahishashuramardhini appears in Hinduism later. Think about it. Is there any link?
"The people followed both burial and crematory practices…………..
"There is another figure where inside a female, a human figure is shown (showing a seal), perhaps spirit. Its significance has to be studied.
"Now genetic methods are applied to find out the details. Suppose, if your saliva is taken and tested, details would be known to tell who is your father, mother etc. But I do not know how many of you know genetics……Recently, some Indian scholars have brought out data on such genetic studies about the people of India. Their data represented show that the south Indian tribals and Kashmir Brahmins belonged to the same stock. But still, you can find some groups are left out or fall outside the pattern represented. Who are those people? They are from Assam, Nagas and others.
"The picture about the IVC and the Rivedic people has been complicated. Data and information can be obtained from different fields, but they have to be studied together carefully.
"So I stop here and I would like to answer two three questions, if any one audience would like to do so".
At that time, K. V. Ramakrishna Rao came to the podium and asked the following specific questions by way of clarification. Meanwhile, seeing him Iravatham Mahadevam started insisting that the questions should be short [10]Anyway, introducing himself, he asked the following questions:
There has been a Bongozkai inscription dated to circa 1450 BCE which specifically mentions about a treaty in which the people invoked the so-called Vedic gods or the Rigvedic gods as mentioned by you according to your sampradhaya [11]How you correlate and corroborate them linguistically, archaeologically, and chronologically with your sampradhaya?
You have shown two pictures one from IVC and another from Denmark and telling that the so-called deity represented is not that of Rigvedic, though the deity is surrounded by the animals. How could you differentiate it from your sampradhaya and Indian sampradhaya?
Micheal Witzel started answering, but he could not even name the so-called Vedic gods mentioned and Rao was naming as – "Indrasil, Mitrasil, Varunasil, Nasattyas". He accepted that they were Vedic gods, though the Mittanic people were invoking them after their gods and the language used was like Vedic Sanskrit only. Of course, there is chronological gap.
Rao was asking about the correlation – pointing out how the Soma drinking, Rigvedic Sanskrit speaking people migrating from Central Asia to Iran to India could mention about such deities, how the Mittanis?
N. Mahalingam intervened and telling that there should not be discussion and Mahadevan was urging to wind up. But Rao was responding that it was important because Indians had been told about such stuff again and again for the last 60 years. He insisted that his e-mail should be given as promised and his full text of the paper also made available for discussion. When Iravatham Mahadevaninterved that it was not possible, Rao requested that at least Michael Witzel could send a copy through e-mail. Micheal Witzel was seen nodding his head and he gave his visiting card to Rao.
Of course, he did not answer the second question. In fact, one person from the audience reminded about this, but the organizers did not care.
The compe're again intervened and proceeded to thanksgiving.
Then, Dr Deviprasad, the Principal of Sanskrit College talked to point out that the Rigvedic culture cannot be separated from the Indian culture. It is the Indian tradition that worships trees, rivers and mountains even by deification. Of course, the westerners interpret differently. He added that Michael Witzel had not completed his speech and in fact, he might take few hours to complete his talk!
Thus the meeting / Conference was over!
While coming out I saw Haran and another were distributing four-page handout about Michae Witzel (while entering I saw Haran and Radha Rajan were arguing with the police). So when I enquired with the police, the organizers had given a complaint asking for protection of the speaker. When I told them that those who had come there were educated and elite and not of such category as apprehended. I told that the speaker was telling that Siva is not Indian god and so on. The officer retorted, "Is it so? How then that IAS officer Iravatham Mahadevan was keeping quite? He knows everything". The police informed that they had not obtained permission to stage demonstration against the meeting. The officer added that every body has a right to demonstrate, but they should have obtained prior permission.
Note: This has been prepared based on the notes noted down during the meeting. There are some points to be clarified. And therefore, certain points may be added or amended accordingly later.
The Second Conference of Michael Witzel at Madras University
The so-called second conference of Michael Witzel has been arranged at the Auditorium of the Madras University, Marina campus. Before the auditorium, there was a Police jeep with 8 police men and women!
When I entered by 11 am, there were only 8 or 9 persons. In the first row Michael Witzel was sitting with Iravatham Mahadevan. Prof Dass, HOD of Sanskrit Department was looking at the entrance anxiously. I sat in the last row and a police in plain cloth was starring at me.
Prof Dass, HOD, Sanskrit department (11.05 to 11.15): Then by 11.05 am, he decided to start the "Conference" and thus Witzel and Mahadevan went to the podium and sat. Prof Dass started introducing Witzel, as he was coming there after 6 years. Pointing to Iravatham Mahadevan, he recalled his paper presented at "The International Seminar on Indian Knowledge System", that was organized there. Then he proceeded to eulogizes him in his own way: "MW needs no introduction, as he is well known from Harvard University. Harvard University Professor is the most elite in the world……………. He visited the department only for the purpose of seeing the manuscriptsHe also observed our activity of `catalogum catalogue' of manuscripts project going on there. We request the professor guidance for it. I assure that it would be completed by 2012. Witzel would talk about important topic. I end with a saying from Mahabhasya, where it is said that one should not live / leave with a doubt. ……..If you do not understand (Phylogeny and Epigenetics), it does not mean it is ugly...whatever lecture, he gives, and we should understand and continue our research".
Iravatham Mahadevan (11.15 to 11.25 a.m): "Guru Brahma, Guru Vishnu, Gurudevo Maheswara; Guru sakshat Parabrahma tasmai sri kuruve Namaha" reciting this sloka,he started speaking: "WItzel has been the greatest expert in Vedic Sanskrit particularly in Rigvedic. …..I met him six years back at the Harvard University in connection with my publication of the bookand at that time, he received me and took me to go around the University and the great library. To be frank with you, I do know about the topic, "Phylogenyand Epigenetics and origin of languages". From "gen", I could understand that it is something connected with "production" or "origin" = to born, to produce…..I think he is going to show the unity of Indo-European languages.
"There has been misunderstanding about Michael Witzel and his work. Some two days ago, when Prof Witzel was invited to deliver his lecture at Madras Sanskrit College, some misguided elements tried to disturb the meeting and they distributed handouts. Of course, we have difference of opinion, but we should not resort to such methods. There could be difference of opinion, but we should respect our guests, as we believe in "Adhiti devo bhava" (treating / honoring the guests). I too have difference with him about his fundamental view that Indus script was not a system of writing at all, but I cannot take a gun and shoot him…….Indian culture is pluralistic and tolerant………We believe in Ekam sat bhauta vadhanti…..Such was our attitude. In the west, there was conflict between the Church and the State…. But in India we have great leaders. Buddha taught band showed a different way ………In south, we have Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhva. Each wrote his own Bhasya, but their followers co-existed. "Therefore, such intolerant attitude is anti-Indian and anti-Hindu and they do disservice to our nation. Such elements are confined to the fringe of our society…..In this context, I should tell few words about Ashoka who lived 2300 years ago. I request the Sanskrit scholars to read Pali verses of the inscription and memorize in the heart. I read what the Girnar inscription says<!--[if !supportFootnotes]-->[7]<!--[endif]--> –
["The individual morality that Asoka hoped to foster included respect (//susrusa//) towards parents, elders, teachers, friends, servants, ascetics and brahmins -- behavior that accords with the advice given to Sigala by the Buddha (Digha Nikaya, Discourse No. 31). He encouraged generosity (//dana//) to the poor (//kapana valaka//), to ascetics and brahmins, and to friends and relatives. Not surprisingly, Asoka encouraged harmlessness towards all life (//avihisa bhutanam//). In conformity with the Buddha's advice in the Anguttara Nikaya, II:282, he also considered moderation in spending and moderation in saving to be good (//apa vyayata apa bhadata//). Treating people properly (//samya pratipati//), he suggested, was much more important than performing ceremonies that were supposed to bring good luck. Because it helped promote tolerance and mutual respect, Asoka desired that people should be well-learned (//bahu sruta//) in the good doctrines (//kalanagama//) of other people's religions. The qualities of heart that are recommended by Asoka in the edicts indicate his deep spirituality. They include kindness (//daya//), self-examination (//palikhaya//), truthfulness (//sace//), gratitude (//katamnata//), purity of heart (//bhava sudhi//), enthusiasm (//usahena//), strong loyalty (//dadha bhatita//), self-control (//sayame//) and love of the Dhamma (//Dhamma kamata//)."]<!--[if !supportFootnotes]-->[8]<!--[endif]-->
"Thus, I conclude; "Om Sahaba bavatu, sahanam bunaktu, saha viryamm karvavahai; tejastu navathi thamastu ma vidhyi savahai, Om Shanti, Shanti, Shanti hi."
Prof Miuchael Wizel: 11.25-12.30: "I came here visiting several places. I visited Mahabalipuram and several institutions…..I saw the catalogue work………... My colleagues have also come down here When I met Raghavan, he was wearing the traditional dress…. In connection with Silver Jubliee, I was invited by the Hyderabad people. .I try to avoid the emotional and political content of my topic…………My topic is about the history of development of languages. It involves several fields – biology, genetics, etc……I have already given this talk……...(at Bangalore / Hyderabad). ………….When I ask shepherd how does he call a goat, he says "meka", but that word looks like Danish. Some may be thinking that Sanskrit is the oldest language, but it is seriously questioned based on scientific study………..the speech of men was compared with that of Chimpanzee. However, Chimpanzee could produce about 150 signs, but not all like man. The words of each language have specific use and connotation. In Indian languages, "Rama gives book" would be of "Rama book gives" type (He was showing PP hurriedly and skipping. He was showing the skull and jaw portions of Neanderthal and other man-types).
"Chimpanzee & ANM Human (Liberman)" 75 – 65 kya some people stayed here (in India), some went to SEA and some to Australia. How can we say about the language spoken at that time? For that I have a scheme.
"Indo-European Reconstruction
: Taking few words, I explain this. Father Heaven is found in IE languages as follows:
Sanskrit
|
Dyau-pitr
|
Pitaram
|
German
|
Zeus pitar
|
Pitram
|
Latin
|
In-piper
|
patram
|
Greek
|
In pira
|
|
PIE
|
Dieus putr
|
|
Similarly hasti-haesti- asti-esti- sti-is (he/she/it is) comes like this. So also "They are" can be explained.
Even in numbers different words are used. For example, the following words are used in Indian languages and thus, what Punjabi is speaking is not understood by Tamil.
Hindi
|
Tamil
|
Munda
|
Ek
|
Onru
|
|
Do
|
Irandu
|
|
Thin
|
Munru
|
|
Char
|
Nangu
|
|
Panch
|
Ainthu
|
|
Cha
|
Aru
|
|
Sat
|
Ezhu
|
|
At
|
Ettu
|
|
Nau
|
Onpathu
|
|
das
|
pattu
|
|
"Indo-European Reconstruction: Taking few words, I explain this. Father Heaven is found in IE languages as follows:
"Thus, the Indian lanuages have diversity and such system is not understood by others…..
"[The presence in Vedic Sanskrit of a number of phonetic, morphological and syntactical features alien to other Indo-European languages but common to the Burushaski[citation needed], Dravidian and Munda languages, as well as the presence of non-Indo-European vocabulary, is generally held by scholars to be due to a local substratum of Dravidian, Munda, a combination of both[1], another, lost prefixing language ("Para-Munda", Witzel 1999) as well as proto-Burushaski [2] and some other lost languages spoken around 1000 BCE in northwestern and northern South Asia. Prominent examples, adduced by Kuiper (1967, 1991) include: phonologically, there is the introduction of retroflexes, which alternate with dentals; morphologically there are the gerunds; and syntactically there is the use of a quotativemarker ("iti").[3]A few words in the Rigveda and progressively more words in later Vedic texts were identified as being loanwords principally from Dravidian but with some forms traceable to Munda,[1] Proto-Burushaski,[2] and many to neither of these language families, thus indicating a source in one or more lost languages, such as Para-Munda (Witzel 1999).]
"Proto-human language (Ruhlen)
Here, how certain words are found common in different lanuages. He was showing a table (as shown in the reference below in the foot notes. But he was explaing with the first 6 columns):
Language Who? What? Two Water One/Finger
"Out of African movement
: According to Metspalu 2005, there is "out of
Africa
movement" is there (he was showing a drawn map). [Genetic markers transmitted through either the maternal or paternal line have been used to trace the great human migrations since Homo sapiens emerged in
Africa
. But attempts to trace the evolution of languages have met with less success, partly because of the impact on languages of untraceable political and economic upheavals. Metspalu and colleagues analyzed inherited variations in a huge number of samples - almost 3000 - of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) taken from natives of the Near East, Middle East and Central Asia, as well as North and East Africa. mtDNA is inherited through the maternal line, and by comparing their data with existing data on European, Indian, Siberian and other Central Asian populations, the researchers were able to create a comprehensive phylogenetic map of maternal lineages diverging from
Africa
and spreading towards
Europe
and
Asia
. Working in collaboration with language specialists, they found that this movement 10,000 years ago, which was probably centred on Ethiopia, could well have been responsible for seeding the Afro- Asiatic language from which all modern Arab-Berber languages are descended. The same genetic detective work has confirmed archeological evidence that the biggest movement out of
Africa
occurred around 50,000 years ago - which is when Africans first settled in other continents – and that it originated in a small East African population. The same genetic detective work has confirmed archeological evidence that the biggest movement out of
Africa
occurred around 50,000 years ago - which is when Africans first settled in other continents – and that it originated in a small East African population
"A fairly large number of words have been tentatively traced back to the ancestor language, based on the occurrence of similar sound-and-meaning forms in languages across the globe. The best-known such vocabulary list is that of John Bengtson and Merritt Ruhlen (1994), who identify 27 "global etymologies". The following table, adapted from Ruhlen (1994b), lists a selection of these forms. (he showed another picture from Scientific American
"Different language groups existed thus in different areas (showing a map through PP). Dravidian languages were spoken in the Southern area (showing the four states – Tamilnadu, AP, Kerala and Karnataka), "Former Dravidian areas" (showing Maharastra),
Indus
(Sindhu area), Lanuage-X (UP), Khasi (
Assam
), …….."Former Austro-Asiatic Areas?" (was shown in between the UP and MP from IVC / Rajasthan to Orissa)…..Based on "Place-names", some scholars have shown more Dravidian words were spoken in the "Former Dravidian areas" and it is shown accordingly.
"In the case of
Sri Lanka
, though it appears Indo-Aryan superficially, the substratum has been Munda language. This pattern could be seen in other areas also.
"One scholar took words used in UPO area which are used for agriculture taking from Hindi and found that none of the words are from Hindi or any other Indian language, so he assigned Language-X to it. In fact, he should have taken all languages into account in his study.
Dravdian words are not my study. As Travatham Mahadevan pointed out, we can decide it amicably. So I give some references. Based on Krishnaswamy 2003 book, the Dravidian languages have been like this (showing a Dravidian language family) – various Dravidian languages